Hepatitis B virus X protein is capable of down-regulating protein level of host antiviral protein APOBEC3G

Hepatitis B virus X protein is capable of down-regulating protein level of host antiviral protein APOBEC3G

The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family proteins bind RNA and single-stranded DNA, and create C-to-U base modifications through cytidine deaminase activity. APOBEC3G restricts human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection by creating hypermutations in proviral DNA, while HIV-1-encoded vif protein antagonizes such restriction by targeting APOBEC3G for degr...

In Silico Prediction and Docking of Tertiary Structure of Multifunctional Protein X of Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a universal health problem and may result into acute, fulminant, chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Sequence for protein X of HBV was retrieved from Uniprot database. ProtParam from ExPAsy server was used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the protein. Homology modeling was carried out using Phyre2 server, and refin...

Hepatitis B virus X protein amplifies TGF-β promotion on HCC motility through down-regulating PPM1a

Over-activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway promotes cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the enhancement of TGF-β signaling pathway in HCC while the mechanism remains unclear. Protein phosphatase magnesium dependent 1A (PPM1a) functions as a phosphatase essential for terminating the TGF...

Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Innate Immunity by Downregulating The Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Disrupts

The hepatitis B virus X protein disrupts innate immunity by downregulating mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein.

Previous studies have shown that both hepatitis A virus and hepatitis C virus inhibit innate immunity by cleaving the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, an essential component of the virus-activated signaling pathway that activates NF-kappaB and IFN regulatory factor-3 to induce the production of type I IFN. For human hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis B s-Ag, hepatitis B e-Ag, o...